Wayne Holmes, with a PhD from the University of Oxford is a lecturer for Learning Sciences and Innovation in the Institute of Educational Technology at The Open University, where he leads on Artificial intelligence in Education: the application of AI to both enhance and further understand learning, and the ethical and social implications of Artificial Intelligence applied in educational contexts. He has co-authored three books on this matter, including: Artificial Intelligence in Education. Promise and Implications for Teaching and Learning (Holmes et al., 2019). He has also advised the DfE, the UK UNESCO National Commission, and UNESCO about the pedagogical, ethical and social implications of AI in education (including leading UNESCO’s ‘Policy Guidelines for AI in Education’, 2019); and has been invited to speak about AIED to audiences in Brazil, China, Germany, Japan, Oman, Spain, and the US.